Manipulating Text
Use these to jump around or read it all
So, now you know the basics about placing flags and manipulating text in terms of bold, italic, and
typewriter styles. That's good, and along with the <HR>, <BR>, and <P> commands
you'll be able to play around pretty well with text placement. Now we'll talk about changing text size.
Heading Commands
Heading commands are used extensively in HTML documents to, you guessed it, create headings! How novel.
There are six (6) heading commands: <H1> through <H6>. <H1> is the largest and <H6>
is the smallest. Here are their relative sizes:
<H1>This is Heading 1</H1>
<H2>This is Heading 2</H2>
<H3>This is Heading 3</H3>
<H4>This is Heading 4</H4>
<H5>This is Heading 5</H5>
<H6>This is Heading 6</H6>
| Note: In later-version browsers (3.0 and above), the numbers 7
and 8 have been added, but in terms of size, there isn't a great deal of difference between
them and the 6 heading. |
Heading commands create nice, bold text, as shown above, and are quite easy to use. It's a simple
H# and /H# command. However, they do have one annoying trait. They like to be alone.
When you use a heading command, by default, you set the text alone. It's like the heading commands
carry a <P> command with them. You cannot get other text to sit right up against a heading.
It's as if it wants to be, dare I say, a "Heading." Try a few for yourself.
Font Size Commands
Maybe you'd like a little more control over your text size. Well, here it is. The <FONT SIZE>
commands. Heading commands are great for right at the top of the page, but these font commands are
going to end up as the workhorses of your pages.
There are twelve (12) font size commands available to you:
+6 through +1 and -1 through -6.
As you've probably guessed, +6 is the largest (it's huge); -6 is the smallest (it's a little too small).
Here are a few of them in action. There's no need to show all of them. You'll get the idea of their
relative sizes. Follow this pattern to place one on your page.
<FONT SIZE="+3">This is +3</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="+1">This is +1</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="-1">This is -1</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="-6">This is -6</FONT>
Notice that this first command, <FONT SIZE="--"> is actually doing two things:
1. It's asking for a new font size...
2. then offering a number to denote the font size.
This is what I like to call a command inside of a command. The technical HTML term is an "attribute".
When you have that, you denote the attribute with an equal sign and enclose it within quotation marks.
Look above. See the equal sign and the plus or minus number in quotes? That's what I'm talking about.
Also notice that the end command for a <FONT SIZE="--"> flag only requires </FONT>. I
should tell you now that there are two other attributes you can use inside the FONT flag:
COLOR and FACE (these both have tutorials unto themselves. Take a look). But even if you use all three
inside a FONT flag, you still only need one </FONT>.
Remember that an attribute is inside of a flag. When you use an end command, you are closing the flag,
not the attribute. So you only need the one end flag, like above.
Centering Text
Since you've already done some writing you've no doubt noticed that the text that appeared in the
browser window was justified to the left of the screen. That's what's known as the default. It just
happens without your specifying any particular justification.
Notice that this text is centered on the page. It's done by surrounding the text you want centered
with simple <CENTER> and </CENTER> commands.
Here's what it looks like:
<CENTER>
All text in here will be centered
</CENTER>
Text To The Right
Can you get text to the right? Sure. It's done by setting the text aside as a paragraph unto itself.
I'm going to use the <P> command you learned in HTML Introduction (Part 2), but now I'm going
to alter it. I'm going to add an attribute to it.
Here's the format:
<P ALIGN="right">Text in here is pushed to the right</P>
See how I added the ALIGN="right" attribute to the <P> command? Okay, but you also have to
remember that if you add an attribute to a single flag like the <P> flag, or the <BR>
flag (yes, there are attributes for BR), then you'll need to use an end flag. See the </P> up there?
If you're just using <P> to create a new paragraph, then it can sit all by its lonesome.
But the moment you add an attribute=, you need to use the end flag.
And Part 3 comes to an end. Notice they're getting shorter? Now go and incorporate a few of these
Heading, FONT SIZE, and CENTER commands into a page. To do is to learn.
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